Today the FHA mortgage program remains an important option -- more than 555,000 FHA loans were originated in 2005. That's a big number, but it's a lot less that the 827,000 FHA loans started in 2004 or the 1.53 million originated in 2003.

Whatever the numbers, if you're a first-time buyer or someone looking for liberal qualification standards, the FHA program is worth considering. And given coming changes in the lending industry, it's likely that we'll see a lot more FHA loans in 2006 and beyond.

Under the FHA program you can buy with as little as 3 percent down. That's 97-percent financing, a good deal by traditional standards though it's fair to point out that 100-percent financing is now widely available. However, the 3-percent downpayment can be in the form of a gift or grant -- in fact for the past decade the FHA has even allowed couples to establish a "bridal registry" where friends and relatives can contribute to a downpayment fund.

In addition, the FHA program also allows owners to kick-in a "seller contribution" of 1 percent to as much as 6 percent of the sale amount. While you can bet that most sellers will not joyously give up money to help purchasers, in a buyer's market a seller's contribution might be the difference between "sold" and stilled listed.

To qualify for a mortgage lenders look at your monthly income and expenses. For a conventional loan the guidelines might allow you to spend 28 percent of your gross monthly income on housing costs such as mortgage interest, principal, property taxes and home insurance (PITI). In addition, loan guidelines might allow you to spend 36 percent on PITI plus other monthly debts such as credit card bills and auto loan payments.

With FHA fixed-rate financing the usual ratios are 31/43 -- liberal standards that will allow borrowers to get more financing than with conventional loans. FHA also offers an "energy efficient mortgage" or EEM. If you have an energy-efficient home the FHA believes you'll have lower utility costs so there's more money in the till each month for mortgage payments. The FHA guidelines allow for 33/45 ratios with EEM financing.

There are, however, some complications with FHA mortgage financing.

Under the FHA program you're buying with little down. This is possible because FHA insures the loan and you pay an insurance premium. The premium is equal to 1.5 percent of the sale price at closing (an amount which can be financed) and .5 percent per year for the outstanding loan balance. In other words, if you can buy with 20 percent down or with 80-10-10 financing you may want to skip the FHA program and avoid the insurance fees.

FHA also has a complex set of loans limits which means there may not be enough loan money to buy a property.

For instance, this year the conventional loan limit for single-family homes in the continental U.S. is 417,000. By law, the maximum FHA mortgage is 87 percent of the conventional loan limit, or 362,790 in 2006. However, this upper loan figure is only available in high-cost areas -- and in many high-costs areas FHA loans are simply insufficient to acquire typical homes.

If you live in a community with less expensive housing it's likely that the amount you can borrow under the FHA program will be lower. Larger FHA loans are available for two-, three- and four-unit properties, providing at least one unit is owner-occupied. Your mortgage lender can explain the amount of FHA financing available in your community for the type of property you want to purchase.

For the past few years there has been another factor which has made FHA loans less attractive than some other forms of financing, a factor which may go far to explain the loan's de

The loan qualification standards used by mortgage lenders are an important guideline. You can typically get that old standby -- the fixed-rate, 30 year mortgage -- if no more than 28 percent of your gross monthly income goes for mortgage principal and interest, property taxes and property insurance (PITI). In addition, as much as 36 percent of your gross monthly income can go to regular monthly costs -- PITI plus car payments, credit card debt, school costs, etc. In addition, because they have more liberal qualification standards, you can often borrow more with other loan programs such as FHA, VA and adjustable-rate financing.

But no matter what type of mortgage financing you consider, the real question should be not how much can you borrow, but rather how much can you borrow comfortably. In other words, financial sanity counts.

Unfortunately the term "financial sanity" is an expression without a definition. The economics that work for the Webbers plainly may not work for the Johnsons. We each have different incomes as well as different interests, expenses and preferences. Given this background one might ask: What makes financial sense for me?

The answer looks like this: If you're living from paycheck to paycheck, if monthly costs are a burden, if savings are small or non-existent, if you do not have health insurance then it's time to re-think debt burdens.

The richest person I ever met, someone who started with nothing and created jobs for more than 50,000 people, once offered this advice: "The key to financial success is saving, and nothing is harder than saving that first 10,000. After that, it's easy."

In other words, it's entirely possible to have a substantial salary and to fail the financial sanity test. The waiting rooms in every bankruptcy court are filled with people who once had big incomes and bigger debts. One day the numbers didn't work and away went the trophy houses and the big cars.

So how do you begin the savings process?

The first step, literally, is to open a savings account. The very nice people who provide checking accounts and credit cards will also be happy to hold your savings.

The second step is to go after every nickel and dime you can find.

The economics of savings resemble gravity: Little pieces brought together in one place produce big results. Here's an example: Imagine that you usually spend 2.50 per day on little things -- coffee, candy or whatever. Instead, you set the money aside in an account that pays 6 percent interest. The result? After 30 years there's almost 77,000 in your account.

There are any number of strategies to save money, but let me suggest a practical approach. Look at your debts. Pick the one with the lowest balance, say a small credit card that requires monthly payments of 25. Save and pay it off. Then identify the next remaining debt with the smallest balance. You now have 25 a month extra that can be applied to the second obligation. Save and pay off the second debt. Maybe with the second obligation you can save 50 a month. After the second debt is repaid, you have an additional 75 a month to attack the third debt.

During this process there are other steps to take. Bring lunch to work. Have one car (hard in some areas, but not impossible). Collect change at the end of the day and deposit rolls of coins every month or so. Eat out -- but not often. Stay away from credit cards. Avoid late fees and maintain good credit by paying bills in full and on time.

As this process continues you'll notice several interesting results.

First, borrowing for real estate becomes easy as debts decline and qualification scores rise.

Second, better

The best place to start is by getting a pre-approval. The best thing one can do is have a friendly experienced mortgage company to help you through the process. There are several steps that one should analyze as a first time buyer. All of these steps will help you in during your first home purchase and first home mortgage loan.

1. Get an idea of what you can afford

There are several factors, that when combined, will tell one what is affordable as a housing expense. It is best to contact a mortgage broker to help with the calculations. Some of the criteria include, but are not limited to: income, current expenses, credit, down payment, interest, job stability, payment history, loan rate, loan term and closing costs.

2. Know your rights

You should receive a copy of a Good Faith Estimate or GFE. You need to know what the fees are associated with the home loan and the total cost of interest to you. These are called the closing costs. Although getting a low rate loan is great, one has to realize that the closing costs have an effect on the annual percentage rate. The annual percentage rate is different than the interest rate. The annual percentage rate is a calculation that includes the interest and the closing costs. It is illegal to be discriminated against based on your sex, creed, race, age, sexual preference and several other issues. You are entitled to know why you were not approved for credit if that is the case.

3. Shop around

There are tens of thousands of lenders and brokers in the United States. Find someone you are comfortable with. A lot of people do not realize that when one goes to a lender they can only take advantage of a program that the specific lender offers. By utilizing a broker you are able to take advantage of the wholesale purchasing power of that broker. A broker can generally save money from what a lender would actually charge.

4. Understand the programs available to you

There are several government insured loans that can help to relax the requirements needed to get a home mortgage loan. Last year 40% of home buyers purchased their new home with no money down. This dispels the myth that one needs to put money down in order to purchase a home and get a home mortgage loan. FHA, VA, and HUD are three government insured loans.

5. Shop for a home

Find a Real Estate agent that you trust. Finding the right home is a very important process. There are more factors involved than the home itself. Look at the school systems, the emergency service personnel, and the town or city government. Make sure the home you pick is in the place you want to live as well. Make sure you look at more than one home. Even if your first impression of the first home you look at is "This is the one!" take a look at a few more just to make sure. This, for most people, is the biggest purchase they will make in their entire lives. Take your time and be sure about the right home.

6. Make an offer

When making an offer make sure everything is put in writing. What items you would like included. Things like curtains, blinds, fixtures, chandeliers. All of these things should be listed on the purchase agreement to make sure you are getting what you requested. Simply because you place an item on the purchase agreement does not mean the seller will agree to it. It does mean that it will at least get addressed and will be factored during the negotiation. Make sure you make the sale contingent on a home inspection and have everything put in writing.

7. Have a professional inspect the home

Hire a professional home inspector. The home inspector will go through the home and make sure the home is in good condition. Al